配置tinyproxy用于http代理服务器
docker run -d --name tinyproxy --restart always -p 8888:8888 stilleshan/tinyproxy

使用实例
curl -x https://IP:8888 cip.cc

Dockerd 代理
Create a systemd drop-in directory for the docker service:

sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
Create a file named /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf that adds the HTTP_PROXY environment variable:

[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:80"
If you are behind an HTTPS proxy server, set the HTTPS_PROXY environment variable:

[Service]
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=https://proxy.example.com:443"
Multiple environment variables can be set; to set both a non-HTTPS and a HTTPs proxy;

[Service]
Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy.example.com:80"
Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=https://proxy.example.com:443"

官方文档：
https://docs.docker.com/config/daemon/systemd/#http-proxy